https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202225807003
Inhomogeneous pion condensed phase hosting topologically stable baryons
1 INFN, Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso, Via G. Acitelli, 22, I-67100 Assergi (AQ), Italy
2 Centro de Estudios Científicos (CECS), Casilla 1469, Valdivia, Chile
3 Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica and Institut de Ciències del Cosmos, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès 1, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
4 Instituto de Ciencias Físicas y Matemáticas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile
e-mail: massimo@lngs.infn.it
e-mail: canfora@cecs.cl
e-mail: carignano@ice.cat
e-mail: marcela.lagos@uach.cl
* e-mail: aldo.vera@uach.cl
Published online: 11 January 2022
We discuss the inhomogeneous pion condensed phase within the framework of chiral perturbation theory. We show how the general expression of the condensate can be obtained solving three coupled differential equations, expressing how the pion fields are modulated in space. Upon using some simplifying assumptions, we determine an analytic solution in (3+1)-dimensions. The obtained inhomogeneous condensate is characterized by a non-vanishing topological charge, which can be identified with the baryonic number. In this way, we obtain an inhomogeneous system of pions hosting an arbitrary number of baryons at fixed position in space.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2022
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