https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202328401005
GRAPhEME: Performances, achievements (@EC-JRC/GELINA) and future (@GANIL/SPIRAL2/NFS)
1 Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, IPHC/DRS UMR 7178, 23 rue du Loess 67037 Strasbourg, France
2 Horia Hulubei National Institute for Physics and Nuclear Engineering, 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
3 Nuclear Data Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Wagramer Strasse, A-1400 Vienna, Austria
4 CEA, DES, IRESNE, DER, SPRC, LEPh, F-13108 Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, France
5 CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France
6 Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, Laboratoire Matière sous Conditions Extrêmes, 91680 Bruyères-Le-Châtel, France
7 European Commission, Joint Research Centre, Retieseweg 111, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
8 Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
9 University of Helsinki, Department of Chemistry, P.O. 55, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
* Corresponding author: maelle.kerveno@iphc.cnrs.fr
Published online: 26 May 2023
GRAPhEME is a γ-spectrometer developed by CNRS/IPHC Strasbourg (France), in collaboration with EC-JRC Geel (Belgium) and IFIN-HH Bucharest (Romania). With its 6 High Purity Planar Germanium detectors and one fission chamber, GRAPhEME, installed at the EC-JRC GELINA facility, was optimized for measurements of accurate (n, xnγ) cross sections on actinides. The experimental methodology is based on the prompt γ-ray spectroscopy coupled to time-of-flight measurements. In this paper, we present an overview of fifteen years of experiments with GRAPhEME at EC-JRC GELINA facility, illustrated by main achievements to highlight the performances reached by our spectrometer. Beyond the experimental work, a close collaboration with theoreticians has emerged allowing the use of the data produced with GRAPhEME to test and constraint nuclear reaction codes like TALYS, CoH and EMPIRE. In a near future, GRAPhEME will be available to start measurement campaigns at the new neutron beam facility SPIRAL2/NFS. There, studies of (n, 2n) and (n, 3n) reactions will be possible and will complete the work done at EC-JRC GELINA on (n, n ) reactions. Despite the amount of cross section data provided by GRAPhEME up to now, the prompt γ-ray spectroscopy method presents some weaknesses that our collaboration tries to overcome. This goes through new calculation schemes based on theoretical modeling constrained on experimental data to infer the total (n, xn) cross section, new instrument to measure conversion electrons but also by being proactive in dissemination activities to make the nuclear structure community aware of our needs about new accurate nuclear structure information on actinides.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2023
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
