https://doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202532801014
Impact of Refuge on the Dynamical Behavior of a Tri-Trophic Food Chain Model Under Allee Effect in Prey Species
Department of Mathematics, Chandigarh University, NH-95 Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Mohali, Punjab, India
* Corresponding author: kumawatl607@gmail.com
** Corresponding author: harpreet2678@yahoo.com
Published online: 18 June 2025
The current study focuses on the impact of refuge on the dynamical behaviour of a tri-trophic food chain model under the Allee effect in prey species. The model investigates the asymptotic behaviour of multiple equilibrium points and the influence of the Allee effect and prey refuge on the systems dynamics. The primary focus is on analysing how the Allee effect and prey refuge influence the systems dynamics. Furthermore, analytical results are validated through numerical simulations.
© The Authors, published by EDP Sciences, 2025
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
